Azelaic acid

By Dr. Doaa Al Rawad, Dermatologist
Updated 13 Oct 2026 · 3 min read

What it is

DermNet describes azelaic acid as a dicarboxylic acid with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. It occurs naturally as a by-product of a yeast that lives on skin, and it is used in creams, gels and lotions, including prescription products, to treat acne and papulopustular rosacea.

Why it matters for pigment

Azelaic acid also inhibits a step in pigment production. DermNet notes that this makes it particularly useful for darker-skinned patients whose acne leaves persistent brown marks, the post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation that can linger for a long time in deeper skin tones, and for people with melasma. Because it treats inflammation and pigment at once, it can suit skin that has both breakouts and marks.

Results build slowly. DermNet's guidance for acne describes further improvement over continued use, with maximum results after around six months, so it is not a quick fix for a summer flare.

What to expect when you start

Azelaic acid is generally well tolerated, but it can cause burning, stinging, itching or dryness, especially in the first weeks. Introduce it on its own rather than alongside several new acids or retinoids, apply it to clean, dry skin as the product directs, and stop if a rash or persistent burning develops. If you are pregnant, trying to conceive or breastfeeding, ask your clinician before using any pigmentation treatment, including this one.

Where it fits in a routine

A dermatologist may suggest azelaic acid as one option for melasma or post-acne marks, depending on the diagnosis and how sensitive your skin is. It works best alongside daily broad-spectrum sunscreen, because ultraviolet and visible light can undo progress. It does not replace a diagnosis: a changing or unusual mark should be examined first.